Reference Library
What is the Reference Library?
Keeping current with the retina literature is, for most, an ongoing, futile effort. New journals are constantly being introduced, and existing journals keep getting thicker and thicker. Researching a topic on PubMed doesn’t allow you to spot key references or quickly digest what’s new globally on a topic of interest. And remembering what you’ve read a few weeks later (or even after you’ve turned the page to the next article) is a struggle.
To address these concerns, we pull key clinical references from 24 major ophthalmic and retinal journals each month (click here for the journal list). Although we can’t provide the journal article PDF due to copyright issues, we provide a single-line citation with a brief summary of the article’s main points. Our goal is to capture all major clinically relevant references.
Please contact us if we’re missing any key references or if any reference is mis-summarized or cited.
Want to Automatically Receive Our Monthly Journal Article Summaries?
That’s easy! Just subscribe to the Retina World Congress’s monthly email blast here.
How is the Reference Library integrated into the Image Library?
At the top of most Image Library folders is a ___References Word document containing the annotated bibliography for that topic. Every month, we file key articles into the appropriate Retina Rocks folder(s) and update this file. Key articles are located at the top of the list. This allows for a rapid snapshot and review of the literature while also looking through our multimedia images. Some seemingly unrelated references are included in each folder to aid in differential diagnosis or to learn about similar findings in other disorders.
Key Retina Journal Articles of the Month
Here is the current month's snapshot of key retina journal articles
Monthly Archives
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Accelerates Progression of Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Three-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Dec 1;66(15):59. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.15.59.
Obstructive sleep apnea accelerates iAMD progression. Prospective, 3-year 470 patients.
Assessment Of Clinical Features And Prognosis In Behçet Disease Patients With Ocular Manifestations: A Focus On Optical Coherence Tomography And Angiography
Retina. 2025 Dec 1;45(12):2371-2382. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004613.
Ocular Behcet OCT + OCTA show retinal thinning and vascular loss. Serve as biomarkers for disease activity and visual function.
Six-month outcomes of half-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal Aflibercept injection for pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov;263(11):3121-3129. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-06945-z.
Pachychoroid NV Eylea+half-dose PDT Improved VA and fluid BUT one-third had persistent or recurrent SRF. Retrospective, 6-month, 63 eyes.
Outcomes of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Treated with Anti-VEGF Therapy and/or Panretinal Photocoagulation in the United States Who Were Lost to Follow-up
Ophthalmol Retina. 2025 Dec;9(12):1167-1174. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2025.05.033.
PDR treated with anti-VEGF and/or PRP and lost to FU develop serious VA complications, and are at risk for VA loss when returning for care. IRIS Registry.
Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-like Structures before and after Intracranial Decompression: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Ophthalmology. 2025 Dec;132(12):1402-1410. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.025.
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures – Presence associated with need for intracranial decompression(ICP). PHOMS resolved after ICP. Retrospective, 34 craniosynostosis patients.
High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Correlates of Peau d’Orange in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2025 Dec 1;143(12):1025-1032. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.4031.
PXE High-resolution OCT correlates with peau d’orange. Shows transition from multilayered to monolayer RPE-BM with hyporeflective separation.
Treatment Patterns and Long-term Outcomes with Anti-VEGF Therapy for Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Analysis of the Vestrum Database
Ophthalmol Retina. 2025 Dec;9(12):1187-1196. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2025.05.025.
RVO anti-VEGF: Better VA with more injections; VA gains lower with longer FU; Suggests these eyes need long-term monitoring. Vestrum database.
Outpatient Oral Doxycycline versus Intravenous Penicillin for Syphilitic Uveitis
Ophthalmology. 2025 Dec;132(12):1457-1459. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.030.
Syphilitic uveitis: Oral doxycycline has comparable efficacy to IV PCN in selected patients. Retrospective, 29 patients.
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: international, multicentre, retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes following surgical and medical management, and screening
Eye (Lond). 2025 Dec;39(18):3249-3256. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04061-0.
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: PPV may improve outcomes, but better and prospective studies are needed. Retrospective, international, 404 patients.
Distinct Profiles of Choriocapillaris Involvement in Extensive Macular Atrophy With Pseudodrusen-Like Appearance and Geographic Atrophy
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Nov 3;66(14):64. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.14.64.
EMAP has more pronounced choriocapillaris loss, especially along margins, than AMD GA; may reflect more aggressive vascular compromise and distinct pathoanatomy. Retrospective, 53 eyes.
Clinical factors predictive of tumour cytogenetics and metastasis in 86 patients with choroidal nevus growth into melanoma (DIP and DOT study)
Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 20;109(12):1395-1401. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2024-325703.
CN growth into uveal MM: Clinical imaging and growth rate can inform cytogenetic testing. Shields, Retrospective, DIP and DOT study, 86 patients.
Multimodal Analysis of Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferation
Ophthalmol Retina. 2025 Dec;9(12):1225-1227. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2025.07.013.
Multimodal imaging of Benign lobular inner nuclear layer proliferation (BLIP), 2 patients.
Microbiological sampling has limited value in managing acute postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: a multicentre study in the UK
Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 20;109(12):1376-1381. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2025-327543.
Vitreous tap has limited value in the management of acute post-operative bacterial endophthalmitis. Retrospective, 190 eyes.
Clinical Efficacy of Switching to Faricimab in Treatment Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Dec:280:248-266. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.08.034.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: Treatment resistant nAMD Switch to Vabysmo improves retinal thickness without VA change. Greater effect with a loading interval protocol.
Persistent disparities in diabetic retinopathy outcomes among socially deprived individuals despite treatment adherence
Eye (Lond). 2025 Dec;39(18):3269-3277. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04071-y.
Social deprivation associated with increased diabetic retinopathy incidence and complications. Non-adherence is also common in this demographic. Retrospective, TriNetX database.
Non-indocyanine green angiography non-invasive differentiating features in the differential diagnosis of pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a sensitivity-specificity study
Eye (Lond). 2025 Dec;39(17):3090-3098. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04039-y.
Non-ICG multimodal features differentiating nAMD from Pachychoroid neovasculopathy. PNV includes thicker choroidal indices, no soft drusen, and intervortex anastomoses. Retrospective, 100 patients.
Disparities in Presentation and Anti-VEGF Therapy Initiation for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Analysis of the Academy IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight)
Ophthalmology. 2025 Dec;132(12):1411-1421. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.024.
nAMD Over 20% of patients didn’t start anti-VEGF within 1 year of presentation. More common in Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and those under 60YO. IRIS registry.
Impact Of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On The Development And Progression Of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Retina. 2025 Dec 1;45(12):2241-2251. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004616.
GLP-1RA in type 2 DM reduces risk and progression of AMD, and progression of early and iAMD to advanced AMD. Retrospective, TriNetX database.
From 1995 to now: the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study and the need for a contemporary evidence base
Eye (Lond). 2025 Dec;39(18):3207-3208. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04091-8.
Editorial from 1995 to now: The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study EVS results don’t carry forward to current times. Need for a contemporary evidence base.
Associations Between Predominant Peripheral Lesions And Systemic Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus
Retina. 2025 Dec 1;45(12):2263-2270. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004620.
DR with predominantly peripheral lesions is associated with diabetic vascular complications (peripheral vascular disease, CAD, and CVA) and nephropathy. Retrospective, 100 patients.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of bilateral myopic macular neovascularization in high myopic patients
Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Dec;103(8):1049-1057. doi: 10.1111/aos.17568.
Bilateral myopic fellow eye develops MNV in about 30% over 10 years. Increased risk with lacquer cracks in the fellow eye. Retrospective, 93 patients.
Clinical and Multimodal Imaging of Acute Outer Retinopathy: Expanding the Spectrum of Acute Annular Outer Retinopathy
Ophthalmol Retina. 2025 Dec;9(12):1209-1218. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2025.05.027.
Acute outer retinopathy: Suggests updated terminology, including acute annular outer retinopathy, aggressive CAR-AIR variants, post-viral, certain AZOOR. Retrospective, 23 patients.
